What does "compartmentalization" mean in the context of security?

In the context of security, compartmentalization refers specifically to the practice of limiting access to classified information to only those who need to know. This principle is a core concept in information security and helps to minimize the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data. By ensuring that only individuals with a legitimate need to access specific information are granted access, organizations can better protect classified materials from potential threats, whether internal or external.

This approach not only enhances security by reducing the number of individuals who have access to critical information but also facilitates a more controlled environment where sensitive data can be managed and monitored effectively. It is a practice often employed in various fields including government and military operations, where confidentiality and security of information are paramount.

The other options listed have relevance in security but do not encapsulate the full essence of what compartmentalization means. For example, dividing responsibilities among personnel pertains more to organizational structure than to access control, while storing documents in separate locations is more about physical security than information sharing. Restricting access for all personnel does not align with the principle of "need to know," as it would prevent access even to those who genuinely require it for their roles.