What is the difference between need-to-know and authorized access?

The distinction between need-to-know and authorized access is crucial in security contexts, particularly for handling classified information. Need-to-know refers to the principle that individuals should only access information that is necessary for them to perform their job functions. This determination is typically made according to the specifics of one's role and responsibilities within an organization. In contrast, authorized access generally pertains to the level of security clearance an individual holds, which allows them to view certain types of sensitive or classified information, regardless of whether they currently require it to execute their job responsibilities.

This concept emphasizes that just having a security clearance does not automatically entitle someone to access all classified information; they must also demonstrate a specific need to know that information pertinent to their work. Therefore, the correct answer encapsulates the relationship between job function, which guides need-to-know, and the security clearance that dictates authorized access, underlining the critical nature of both criteria in information security protocols.